Lesson 11 of 15

Solenoid Inductance

Inductance of a Solenoid

A solenoid is a coil of N turns wound over length l. When current flows, it creates a nearly uniform magnetic field inside. Its inductance is:

L = rac{mu_0 N^2 A}{l}

  • L — inductance (henrys, H)
  • mu0=4piimes107mu_0 = 4pi imes 10^{-7} H/m — permeability of free space
  • N — total number of turns
  • A — cross-sectional area (m²)
  • l — length of the solenoid (m)

Why N²?

Each turn contributes to the field, and the total flux linkage is NimesN imes (flux per turn). Since flux per turn is also proportional to N (more turns = stronger field), inductance grows as N2N^2.

Applications

Solenoids are the basis of inductors in filters and oscillators, electromagnets, transformers, and electric motors. Inductance opposes changes in current — a solenoid stores energy in its magnetic field.

Examples

NA (m²)l (m)L (H)
10001×10⁻⁴0.11.26e-03
1001×10⁻⁴0.11.26e-05
5002×10⁻⁴0.23.14e-04
2005×10⁻⁴0.55.03e-05

Your Task

Implement solenoid_inductance(N, A, l) returning inductance in henrys.

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