Temperature Scales

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance. Three major scales are used in science and everyday life: Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.

The Kelvin Scale

The Kelvin scale is the SI unit of temperature and is fundamental to thermodynamics. It starts at absolute zero, the lowest theoretically possible temperature, where all thermal motion ceases.

$K = °C + 273.15$

Absolute zero is defined as:

$0\,\text{K} = -273.15°C = -459.67°F$

Celsius and Fahrenheit

The Celsius scale sets 0°C as the freezing point of water and 100°C as its boiling point at standard pressure.

The Fahrenheit scale sets 32°F as freezing and 212°F as boiling.

Converting from Fahrenheit to Celsius:

$°C = \frac{(°F - 32) \times 5}{9}$

Converting from Celsius to Fahrenheit:

$°F = °C \times \frac{9}{5} + 32$

Converting Kelvin to Fahrenheit

Combining the two formulas above:

$°F = (K - 273.15) \times \frac{9}{5} + 32$

Key Reference Points

Your Task

Implement the three conversion functions below.