Negating and Scaling Tuples

Negating and Scaling Tuples

Two more fundamental tuple operations: negation and scalar multiplication.

Negation

Negating a tuple flips all components. For a vector, this reverses its direction:

// -tuple(1, -2, 3, -4) = tuple(-1, 2, -3, 4)
Tuple negate(Tuple a) {
    return Tuple(-a.x, -a.y, -a.z, -a.w);
}

Scalar Multiplication

Multiplying by a scalar scales all components. For a vector, this changes its length:

// tuple(1, -2, 3, -4) * 3.5 = tuple(3.5, -7, 10.5, -14)
Tuple scale(Tuple a, double t) {
    return Tuple(a.x * t, a.y * t, a.z * t, a.w * t);
}

You can also divide by a scalar — just multiply by its reciprocal:

Tuple divide(Tuple a, double t) {
    return scale(a, 1.0 / t);
}

Your Task

Implement negate(Tuple a) and scale(Tuple a, double t).

Expected output:

-1 2 -3 4
3.5 -7 10.5 -14